Captain Armstrong commenced his sea career with one year at "Southampton" in 1948. His apprentice was with Port Line, where he stayed until achieving a 1st Mate's Certificate of Competency. He then left the UK and joined Union Steamship Company of New Zealand, living first in New Zealand then in Australia. After moving through the ranks of 3rd mate, 2nd mate, 1st mate to Master with the Union Company in NZ and Australian Ships, he joined the New South Wales Pilotage Service to accept the positions as Pilot in Newcastle, Port Kembla, Sydney and Botany Bay. Malcolm moved to Canada in 1987 and currently holds a Canadian Master Mariners Certificate of Competency. He undertakes occasional maritime consultancy work but mostly fills his time as a professional artist specialising in marine paintings. He has authored three books: Pilot Ladder Safety, Practical Ship Handling and "The Cutty Sark and Thermopylae Era of Sail", which have been published by Brown Son & Ferguson. Captain Armstrong is a Fellow of the Nautical Institute, an Honorary Member of IMPA. He is also a past Fellow of The Australian Institute of Navigation. Email Malcolm @ malcolmarmstrong@shaw.ca